Four

Presentation In the contemporary world, the significance of the representatives in deciding the accomplishment of an association has fundamentally expanded. For example, the employees’ level of efficiency and capacity decides the general expense of creation per unit. Thusly, it is important to have representative inspiration measures so as to amplify the degree of their performance.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Four-drive hypothesis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion The four drive hypothesis endeavors to clarify worker inspiration putting together the contention with respect to a lot of dynamic connecting needs that are significant in the make up of the individual (Latham, 2007). These necessities develop from the past experience that man has run over throughout everyday life. They are additionally characteristic. The fundamental drives incorporate; gain, security, appreciate, and guard. These four drives are the central p oint that assume an essential job in deciding the connections just as the result of such associations among the representatives. The drives for this situation incorporate securing of the status just as the material additions. Note that these drives can either prompt great execution and furthermore to disintegration in the degree of their exhibition. Then again, the Maslow’s pecking order hypothesis is a hypothesis on human inspiration that was proposed by Abraham Maslow. This hypothesis arranges human needs into various levels. There are a few levels where some are more central than others. The fulfillment of these necessities can altogether influence the presentation of a person. The Maslow’s chain of command of necessities can be introduced in a type of a pyramid. Maslow distinguished four needs, which are normally alluded to as lack needs. These incorporate security, fellowship and love, regard and the physical needs. Maslow demanded fulfillment of the essential deg ree of necessities all together for a person to be propelled. Afterward, the Alderfer changed and diminished Maslow’s five degrees of need to three classifications; Existence, Relatedness, and development (Kondalkar, 2007). The above examination uncovers a few contrasts and similitudes between the four-drive hypothesis and the Maslow’s needs in worker inspiration. As per the Maslow’s clarification, there is a need to fulfill the lower level needs so as to get to the upper level needs. Then again, the four drives portrayed in the four drive hypothesis are not stepped.Advertising Looking for paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the four drive hypothesis, every one of the expressed drives can change from a person to another (Articlebase, 2009). Along these lines, we hope to get varieties starting with one individual then onto the next relying upon different elements. In the Maslowâ₠¬â„¢s hypothesis of necessities, there is a sure request of the need. This is not at all like on account of the four drive hypothesis. In the four driven hypothesis, the need to gain speaks to the prizes which decides your exhibition. This is practically identical with the Maslow’s need; having a place. A prize gives representatives a feeling of having a place and in this way inspires them to work more enthusiastically. The plunges of bond are the drive to relate with others in a relationship of shared mindful. For example, individuals will in general relate with the individuals in comparative socioeconomics (Latham, 2007). This is like the need of regard which is about regard for and by others, which altogether contributes in worker inspiration. The drive to learn and understand alludes to the degree to which the representative is keen on their particular positions and obligations. It likewise looks to uncover whether the representative has the chance to learn new things. Th is can be contrasted and the Maslow’s requirement for self-completion. Representatives can just arrive at their objectives through realizing which encourages their innovativeness. The drive to safeguard is about whether the firm is utilizing the simply evaluating techniques, regardless of whether there is decency or whether the individuals are dealt with decently the manner in which they merit. Once more, this can be viewed as the requirement for affection or having a place. Reference List Articlebase. (2009). The Four Drive Theory in the Workplace. Web. Kondalkar. (2007). Association Effectiveness and Change Management. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Four-drive hypothesis explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Latham, G. (2007). Work Motivation: History, Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: SAGE. This article on Four-drive hypothesis was composed and put together by client Wyatt Gibson to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Causes of the boom years in the 1920s Essay Example for Free

Reasons for the blast a long time during the 1920s Essay Reasons for the blast years Managers were working less hours anyway were being paid more. This accordingly implied modern merchandise created were additionally expanding. American’s possessed more energy for recreation and more cash so electrical work sparing gadgets were being presented getting moderate by numerous individuals. Engine vehicles facilitated travel to and from fill in just as for relaxation interests. It was the brilliant age for film and game pulled in huge groups. Purposes behind thriving: government arrangements Calvin Coolidge expressed ‘the boss business of the American individuals is business. ’ This was his administration strategy to let business work beyond what many would consider possible, liberated from guideline. Andrew Mellon and him accepted riches sifted down normally to all classes and to guarantee expanded expectations for everyday comforts for everything was to permit the rich to proceed with bring in cash to put resources into modern advancement which accordingly implied more openings for work, more breadwinners, more utilization and so on this strategy was free enterprise however the administration interceded to help business in 4 different ways: High levies: Fordney-McCumber Act 1922 à ¯ raised levies to cover contrast among household and remote creation costs Less expensive to purchase products from USA than abroad Levy level à ¯ remote merchandise more costly than USA despite the fact that delivered less expensive in USA Outside exchange decreased = household interest for merchandise high Expense decreases: Government diminished administrative assessments †1924, 1926 and 1928 (profited well off) Mellon à ¯ distributed duty decreases Coolidge à ¯ worked on excess Point à ¯ paid off national obligation, government tax reductions = implied little to poor as not ready to make good on charges Less guidelines: Government Trade Commission à ¯ unfit and reluctant to work adequately causing organizations unhindered International strategies: Coolidge à ¯ stayed away from contribution in remote undertakings because of spending cutting an acknowledgment that Americans didn’t need to see troops becoming involved with outside debates. This implied financial specialists would support benefit ever over moral concerns Specialized advances: Specialized advances in modern creation made increments in amount and assortment of items Engine vehicle industry: This industry developed drastically during the 1920s. It was the biggest for items. Already vehicles had just been for the affluent yet Ford needed the conventional to have the option to manage the cost of one Impacts of development in vehicle possession: Passage figured this would fortify customary American qualities however it prompted: Street passings à ¯ 20,000 every year By 1929, engine industry utilized 7% all things considered and paid them 9% everything being equal Conclusion of Ford à ¯ factor to downturn of 1927 Loss of business by organizations giving parts to Ford genuine issues in economy Street building: Breaking of free enterprise à ¯ national government exhaust on street working in 1920s Bureaucratic Highway Act 1921 à ¯ obligation regarding street working to focal government and roadways. Development = 10,000 miles for each year by 1929 Boss Designer in Bureau of Public Roads 1936 à ¯ streets constructed unfit for use as a result of measure of traffic Engine vehicles à ¯ new assistance businesses for example carports, gas stations and so on. Improved transportation = new open doors for industry Electrical purchaser merchandise: New innovation = huge scope advancement of work sparing gadgets as less expensive to create Genuine over creation = issues in economy New business techniques: Development of immense organizations Enormous organizations producing business = could put resources into and misuse crude materials of USA for huge scope Enormous organizations could command industry by: Working cartel (gathering of organizations consenting to fix yield and costs to lessen rivalry and amplify benefits). Albeit unlawful, government acknowledged which included misuse of crude materials, retail outlets and so forth. A few associations had the option to adjust to holding organizations which brought about firms contending with one another The executives science: Expanded size of organizations à ¯ complex to oversee = diverse administration jobs by various individuals in organization Development of business colleges The executives science, occupation for high society = sign more diligently to begin own organization Expanded creation Promoting and charismatic skill: Cinema A large number of film goers to duplicate way of life of stars implied potential for promoting was gigantic Radio: Started with KDKA station which reported outcomes in 1920 races Radio’s constrained by 2 organizations with a tremendous crowd Steady need to make request: Development in modern creation required a consistent market so as to fuel the blast as individuals should have been persuaded to purchase things much of the time. A part of a battle should have been purchased in which would separate between one’s item and that of the contenders to advance interesting selling point. Promoting strategies worked for some shoppers. Simple credit: Enormous purchaser blast was financed to a great extent by simple credit offices 1929 à ¯ $7 billion merchandise were sold using a credit card †75% of vehicles and half of significant family unit machines Accessibility of credit implied borrowers assumed obligations which they couldn't reimburse Impact in outside nations: High levies were utilized to ensure US advertises anyway the legislature additionally urged agents to create broad interests abroad regarding crude materials that fuelled innovative turns of events. US sent out immense measures of fabricated items. During the 1920s with practically full work, low swelling, high taxes keeping outside products out of USA, big-hearted government approaches and a purchaser blast the success would go on until the end of time.

PhD Application Essay Examples

PhD Application Essay ExamplesBioloinformatics PhD application essay samples are available online. The studies into how life has been created, and the processes that have created it, have fascinated the academic world for many years. This is particularly true in biology, where all areas of research are intertwined to create new facts and new discoveries. Many people who are in a position to make a difference in their chosen field decide to focus on a particular area, or specialize in a specific field, to ensure they make a difference in this field.Many fields have PhD applications that focus on a certain research topics, or on a particular type of research. If you are in a position to make a difference in the world, you may want to choose a particular career to work in, or you may wish to specialize in one field so you can be an expert in that particular area.Another way to narrow down your chosen career, or to specialize in a specialty area, is to write a PhD application essay sampl e. The examples below are provided to illustrate how a PhD student can follow these tips when writing a PhD application essay. PhD students should consider the structure of these examples as guidelines, not all inclusive.As a PhD student, you may find yourself writing way bioinformatics PhD application essays to compete with other PhD candidates. In order to get your message across, it is important to be clear about your intent. For example, if you have to write a PhD application that will help make a difference in biotechnology research, be very specific about the goal you want to achieve. You do not want to end up sounding like you are giving away a secret formula, or making false promises about where you would be working once you graduated.There are many ways to attract attention to your bioinformatics PhD application. If you want to attract attention to your PhD application, you may want to consider using the graphic below. As a PhD candidate, you should use bold letters, italic s, and black text. The graphic shows that you will be a main part of the industry and will be prominent in the industry.The most interesting part of this illustration is the call to action. In this case, the submission of a PhD application shows that you intend to be relevant in the industry. However, a PhD applicant may be asked to provide an example of how you intend to influence biotechnology research in a specific way. Even though it may be helpful to offer an example, be careful to not give away all the information in the application. However, you should make it very clear that you intend to be an important component of the industry, and that you will be making a significant contribution.In the PhD application essay sample, you will want to be careful to use the graphic that provides the tip that you should provide an example. Although the tip is applicable to all PhD applicants, the example is appropriate for your PhD. You should use your example in the right context, and not use it in an advertisement for your specialization.In the graphic, you will also want to think about how you will use the 'design to convince.' If you intend to design a graphic that promotes your specialization, there are many places that you can do this. You may want to use your illustration as a way to promote your business.

Financial Ratios Analysis Of Pumpkin Patch Limited

Introduction This is the report about financial ratios analysis of Pumpkin Patch Limited(PPL). This children’s clothing retail brand began with one store in 1991, now has about 600 employees across 43 stores in New Zealand and 1000 staff in 117 stores in Australia. However, it tripped into receivership recently. At the same time, Pumpkin Patch managing director Luke Bunt said â€Å"however, despite considerable efforts by the board and its management team, it has become evident that no solution is available to the company, at this time, to address the current over-leveraged and significantly capital constrained position.† (McNicol, 2016) This report will discuss the reasons for PPL’s failure, which is supported by the research mentioned†¦show more content†¦Moreover, comparing zero interest bearing liability in 2014 with 41 million in 2015, the current liability was increased from 30 million to 72 million. It also explained why current ratio was declined from 3.04 in 2014 to 0.88 and 0.73 in 2015 and 2016 separately. The quick ratio is a more rigorous test for the company’s ability to meet its short-term debts than current ratio because inventory was eliminated from current assets. The quick ratio for PPL indicates serious issues as it has decreased from 0.31 in 2012 to 0.07 in 2016. The low quick ratio implies that a considerable portion of the current assets of the company is tied up as part of its inventory (Bragg, 2007), which means that the lower level of quick liquidity ratio indicates a high level of financial risk. The balance sheet for PPL (PPL, 2016) revealed that, particularly in 2016, the inventory accounted for 90% of the current assets. Therefore, the company must improve its working capital to meet its near term current liabilities. The cash conversion cycle is a result of time taken by the company for their collection from receivables (average collection period) and time needed to convert material into goods (day inventory held) after subtracting the time taken to pay its current obligation (day payable outstanding). The average collection period of account receivable and the day inventory held ratio improved in 2016 after rose to the highest days in 2014, whichShow MoreRelatedAnalyses of the 2011 Annual Report of Pumpkin Patch Limited2372 Words   |  10 Pagesshareholders who are thinking to make an investment in Pumpkin Patch Ltd. Pumpkin Patch Ltd. are a child-clothing brand that based in Auckland, New Zealand. It was founded in 1990 by Sally Synnott, who is the current Non-Executive Director. Clothing design, marketing, retail and wholesale are this brand mostly focuses on. There are retail store all around New Zealand, Australia, United Kingdom, Ireland and United States. Profitability: Pumpkin Patch Limited (PPL) had a very challenging year in 2011, notRead MorePumpkin Patch Limited : A New Zealand Reporting Entity s Annual Report5800 Words   |  24 PagesJorawar Dev Pumpkin Patch Limited The purpose of this report is to assist Justin, with making an informed decision on how to use his recently inherited $50000, and if it will be wise to purchase shares in Pumpkin Patch Limited (PPL).This will be done by analysing the Pumpkin Patch Limited 2014 annual report. Background Pumpkin Patch limited is an international children s clothing store, they are primarily based in New Zealand, Australia, and the international market. Pumpkin Patch was establishedRead MorePumpkin Patch Limited Is A Clothing Store For Children Essay5816 Words   |  24 PagesPumpkin Patch Limited (PPL)(Trading 20 cents as at 16/6/15, Trading 17 cents as at 5/7/15) Introduction Pumpkin Patch Limited is a clothing store for children and is based in Auckland. PPL mostly sells clothing for young boys and girls, but also sells accessories like bracelets and beanies etc. They specialise in quality children clothing. Pumpkin Patch is quite a large company around the world, as it generated almost $241m (1) revenue in the year ended July 31st 2014 and is included in the exchangeRead MoreFinancial report analysis Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The following report is an analysis of the consolidated accounts for Hallenstein Glasson Holdings Ltd (HLG) based on the 2013 financial statements and the ratio analysis is based on the group account figures. The terms of this report is to firstly, determine the strengths, weaknesses and prospects of HLG and secondly, to determine if the shares are favourably priced? Business Summary Hallenstein Glasson Holdings Limited is a holding company. The Company, through its subsidiariesRead MoreAnalysis Hallenstein Glasson Holdings Limited 2839 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Hallenstein Glasson Holdings Limited (HLG) is the one of the leading apparel retailers in New Zealand, listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange. The company provides good quality products and has been a successful as well as an innovative business. This report makes an analysis of the financial information in the 2013 annual report for HLG. It looks at the quality of earnings through performance and solvency measurements. The strengths and weaknesses of the company are then summarizedRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pageseither 4 units of good x and 6 units of good y or 12 units of x and 2 units of y. (a) Mark these two consumption bundles and draw the budget line in the graph below. y 16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16 x NAME 9 (b) What is the ratio of the price of x to the price of y? 1/2. (c) If you spent all of your income on x, how much x could you buy? 16. (d) If you spent all of your income on y, how much y could you buy? 8. (e) Write a budget equation that gives you this budgetRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagessignificantly, except under extremely high pressures. These properties make a liquid suitable for applications such as hydraulics. Liquid particles are bound firmly but not rigidly. They are able to move around one another freely, resulting in a limited degree of particle mobility. As the temperature increases, the increased vibrations of the molecules cause distances between the molecules to increase. When a liquid reaches its boiling point, the cohesive forces that bind the molecules closely together

Short Love Quotes from Movies

Look into your lovers eyes. Whisper one of these famous movie love quotes. Cupid has to strike! These famous movie love quotes are a favorite with many couples. If you are looking for the most seductive love quote, you will find it here. Love quotes of this intensity are hard to find. Casablanca Kiss me. Kiss me as if it were the last time. City of Angels I would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss from her mouth, one touch of her hand, than eternity without it. One. Crimes and Misdemeanors My husband and I fell in love at first sight... maybe I should have taken a second look. Fried Green Tomatoes A heart can be broken, but it keeps beating just the same. Four Weddings and a Funeral I always just hoped that, that Id meet some nice friendly girl, like the look of her, hope the look of me didnt make her physically sick, then pop the question and... um... settle down and be happy. It worked for my parents. Well, apart from the divorce and all that! Love and Death To love is to suffer. To avoid suffering, one must not love; but then one suffers from not loving. Therefore, to love is to suffer, not to love is to suffer, to suffer is to suffer. To be happy is to love; to be happy then is to suffer, but suffering makes one unhappy; therefore to be unhappy one must love or love to suffer or suffer from too much happiness. I hope youre getting this down. When Harry Met Sally I love that you get cold when it is 71 degrees out. I love that it takes you an hour and a half to order a sandwich. I love that you get a little crinkle in your nose when youre looking at me like Im nuts. I love that after I spend day with you, I can still smell your perfume on my clothes. And I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night. And its not because Im lonely, and its not because its New Years Eve. I came here tonight because when you realize you want to spend the rest of your life with somebody, you want the rest of your life to start as soon as possible. You cant express every feeling that you have every moment that you have them. Wizard of Oz Hearts will never be practical until they are made unbreakable... Without a heart, I can never really know what it would be like to love someone, or ever really understand trashy novels.

Portrayal of Women in the Media Essay - 3165 Words

Portrayal of Women in the Media Gender is the psychological characteristics and social categories that are created by human culture. Doing gender is the concept that humans express their gender when they interact with one another. Messages about how a male or female is supposed to act come from many different places. Schools, parents, and friends can influence a person. Another major factor that influences millions of impressionable females and males is television. Not only does the television teach each sex how to act, it also shows how one sex should expect the other sex to act. In the current television broadcasting, stereotypical behavior goes from programming for the very small to adult audiences. In this broadcasting range,†¦show more content†¦The male narrator explains different actions, thus being more active, direct voice than that of a female. In this show as well, the male is in charge of the activity. These two shows are only a small insight into how t he rest of the programming world shows girls being virtuous and motherly. In commercials, girls are seen playing games like ‘Pretty, Pretty, Princess and ‘Barbie. Viewers rarely see girls in the sandbox digging holes with construction toys such as dump trucks and packos. Also, women are more likely to be in some sort of serious romantic relationship or married. On the other hand the romantic status of most male characters is not known. These virtuous images not only give little girls the wrong ideas, but little boys as well. This can lead the males to think they cant enjoy dressing up and playing pretend. Or that if a girl is roughhousing with the boys or digging in the dirt, she is somehow not a real girl. This can cause boys to harass a so-called ‘tom boy or bully other boys who are ‘sissies. Female psyche is also damaged because little girls may think there is something wrong with them if they want to do ‘boy things. One study found that viewing sex- stereotyped commercials caused college women to emphasize homemaking in descriptions of their long-term aspirations, whereas women who saw reversed-sex role commercials were more likely to emphasize independence and career-relatedShow MoreRelatedMedia s Portrayal Of Women1190 Words   |  5 Pageswith appearance and numb to sexism, it comes as no surprise that women are expressing hate for their bodies more than ever before. Mass media’s portrayal of women is one of unattainable perfection— most models are stick thin with flawless complexions and pearl-white smiles. Consumers are bombarded with images of women being displayed as sex objects, valued for their physical appearance above all else. The evasiveness of media has led women to believe they must resemble the models pictured in advertisementsRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Women1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe media is everywhere; phones, televisions, magazines, so it is hard not to be exposed to some type of media platform throughout the day. Among these forms of media are photos and videos of woman idealized as the perfect woman. Magazines release photos of women whose looks are highly unachievable and thought as as the ideal woman. An average woman exposed to these photos may feel depresssed and may want to look like the model through unsafe dieting and other eating disorders. The media has affectedRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Women1588 Words   |  7 Pages Media represents males and females by gendering them in different categories. According to a presentation, the author states, â€Å"Media perceives women in a very sexual manner whereas men are symbolized as powerful (Khan). Over and over again, the one thing that the media reveals is that women are very sexual beings. They show that they are only good for taking care of the home and the man is very powerful. For example, the author on the presentation shows a ad that a man is in a life guard outfitRead MoreEssay o n Portrayal of Women in the Media3123 Words   |  13 Pages Portrayal of Women in the Media Gender is the psychological characteristics and social categories that are created by human culture. Doing gender is the concept that humans express their gender when they interact with one another. Messages about how a male or female is supposed to act come from many different places. Schools, parents, and friends can influence a person. Another major factor that influences millions of impressionable females and males is television. Not only does the televisionRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Women2007 Words   |  9 PagesIn addition to the unbelievably high beauty standards women are expected to achieve as a result of the media’s portrayal of women, they are also expected to create and maintain a perfect household. Interior design is often perceived by contemporary society as a feminine interest. As a result, a majority of publications dedicated to home decoration are targeted towards women. Whether or not it is directly stated, a magazine’s attempt to target a pa rticular sex can be identified through both the subjectRead MoreMedia Portrayal of Women and Its Effects1187 Words   |  5 Pageshas changed drastically, which can be directly attributed to the powerful persuasion of media. This ideal image has transformed from a voluptuous, size 14, 1950’s Marilyn Monroe to a 5’9, 100 pound, 1990’s Kate Moss. The most shocking aspect is specifically what young girls are now doing to achieve this â€Å"Kate Moss† image. Through the utilization of advertisements and stars on the big screen, this female portrayal directly targets the physical and mental well-being of females in cultures across theRead MorePortrayal of Women in the Media Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesevery four college-aged women use unhealthy methods of weight and diet control – including fasting, skipping meals, and laxative abuse. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls; the Canadian Women’s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. In 2003, Teen Magazine reported that 35% of girls 6 to 12 years of age have already been on at least one diet. It is estimated that up to 450,000 young girls and women were/are affected by anRead MoreEssay on Portrayal of Black Women in Media1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe Portrayal of African-American Women in Media The stereotypical misrepresentations of African-American women and men in popular culture have influenced societal views of Blacks for centuries. The typical stereotypes about Black women range from the smiling, a sexual and often obese Mammy to the promiscuous Jezebel who lures men with her sexual charms. However, the loud, smart mouthed, neck-rolling Black welfare mother is the popular image on reality television. These images portrayed in mediaRead MoreFalse Portrayal Of Women s Media1683 Words   |  7 PagesFalse Portrayal of Women in Media â€Å"We as women are trained to see ourselves as cheap imitations of fashion photographs, rather than seeing fashion photographs as cheap imitations of women†-Naomi Wolfe. In most advertisements as well as some movies and tv shows, women are shown in not very much clothing, while also being photoshopped and airbrushed. Young women and girls are constantly being sexualized in the media, in order to make more money, and sell more of whatever is being advertised. ManyRead More The Portrayal of Women in the Media Essay examples3424 Words   |  14 PagesThe Portrayal of Women in the Media Redbook magazine are devoted to selling products ranging from shoes to shampoo. The entire magazine only has only 210 pages. Approximately 6-8 min of every half hour television show is produced by ad agencies. Americans are bombarded with advertisements. We see them everyday in many different forms and through different mediums. Advertisers study America’s population through a systematic breakdown and analysis of our likes and dislikes in relation to our differences

Network Up Gradation for Optical Fiber -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNetwork Up Gradation for Optical Fiber Communications. Answer: Introduction Cookie Co. is one of the most popular and perceived cookie chain of stores. They are having their businesses throughout the nation. They have reached and achieved success in their business in all the branches. However, recently they are suffering from a major disturbance due to the slowing down of their connectivity of data network connectivity (Bocker 2012). Moreover, they are also suffering from distorted and unreliable voice calls. These types of distortions are occurring due to several network issues. This in case is becoming a major problem for the staff members and the clients of the organization. This particular report provides a brief description about the up gradation in the network infrastructure for the recognized organization namely, Cookie Co. The present infrastructure is not at all feasible and cannot handle any modifications or changes within it. This report provides the best suitable recommendations for Cookie Co., so that these would be beneficial for them. Moreover, the benefits of each of these are also mentioned in the report. Discussion Network Infrastructure Network Convergence and Unified Communications: Network convergence can be simply defined as the integration of several modes of communication in a single network (Rizzo and Lettieri 2012). The main benefit of network convergence is that it integrates the entire network and reduces the complexity of the multiple modes of communications. Moreover, network convergence is responsible for the flexibility and scalability of the efficient coexistence of the communication of data, telephone and video in that one network. This is not possible in separate infrastructures (Bocker 2012). The other name for network convergence is the media convergence. Cookie Co. should choose network convergence in their organization as it would integrate the entire network infrastructure into a single network. Unified communications is similar to network convergence. It is also the integration of various services of enterprise communications like the instant messaging, video conferencing, and voice messaging i n a single communication (Rizzo and Lettieri 2012). Cookie Co. can converge or unify their entire network, both for the head and the branch offices in a single network easily and effectively. LAN Type and Cabling Plan: The best suggestion for this particular case study of Cookie Co. would be the Ethernet cable. This type of cable is same as the cables of telephone. Ethernet cable is the best cable of network that is being utilized on the wired networks (Stephens et al. 2012). This type of Ethernet cables normally connect the several devices in a local area network or LAN. The various devices are the computers, laptops, switches and routers. The cabling plan for the head office and the branch offices of Cookie Co. can be done easily with the Gigabit Ethernet cable. The gigabit Ethernet cable is extremely fast and secured local area network. The speed of this Ethernet cable is almost up to 1 Gbps (125 MBps). Another advantage of this type of Ethernet cable is that it can be split into number of devices (Rizzo and Lettieri 2012). Cookie Co. can split this Ethernet cable into various pieces and can utilize and enjoy the high speed easily and effectively. WAN Connection: Wide Area Network or WAN is the network of telecommunications over a huge area. The larger geographical area is useful for several number of area networks are not needed. Several numbers of local area network are together constituted to make one Wide area network or WAN (Miller 2012). There are various types of WAN connections like SONET, ATM, Dial Up, cable modem and leased line. This wide area network would be the best option for the head office of Cookie Co. and the other branch offices should be connected with the local area network. Transmission Media: Transmission media is the way of transferring information from sender to the receiver. There are various types of wires or cables for transferring the information. The popular types of transmission media are the optical fiber, coaxial cable and twisted pair cables. Cookie Co. should opt for the optical fiber for their business (Barnoski 2012). The main advantages of optical fiber include greater bandwidth, lower loss of power, immunity to the electromagnetic interference, flexibility and security. Thus, it would be the best option of transmission media for Cookie Co. DNS and IP Management: There are various technologies or tools for the management of DNS and IP address. The recommended tool for the monitoring of the network in Cookie co. is OpUtils (Kuhlenkamp, Klems and Rss 2014). This can easily manage and monitor the Domain Name System and the Internet Protocol address. Network Services Cookie Co. is having various problems in their existing infrastructure. They have thought of implementing a new information technology infrastructure, instead of renovating the existing one. They are running out of budget and the implementation of new infrastructure would be out of their budget. The network service is a type of application that runs on the application layer of network (Jelassi et al. 2012). This application layer provides storage, communication, presentation and manipulation of data and is utilized in a peer to peer architecture. There are four types of network services. They are the Voice over Internet Protocol or VOIP, Intranet, Extranet and Email. The VOIP or Voice over Internet Protocol is the group of technologies that helps to deliver the various multimedia sessions and the communications of voice over the Internet Protocol or IP. The telephone services like the Broadband telephony, the various phone services of broadband and the Internet telephony normally refer to the communications provision (Sinnreich and Johnston 2012). The basic examples of services of communications are the voice messaging, fax, SMS and voice. Cookie Co. is having trouble because of their unreliable and distorted voice calls. Voice over Internet Protocol is the best option in this case. It reduces or rather eradicates the distortion in voice calls. The second network service is the Intranet. It is a private network, which can be only accessed within a company or an organization. In simple words, it is the type of Internet that can be accessed within a closed group only, that is, within an organization or a company. The information technology systems of that organization cannot be accessed from outside (Rekhter et al. 2016). It is the most secured and the safest private network. It does not give access to those people who work outside the organization. Cookie Co. will be having extremely benefited and advantages if they will choose Intranet in their organization as it will be providing the most secured network. The third network service is the Extranet. This is slightly different from the Intranet. Intranet does not allow any access from outside. However, Extranet allows access to only to partners, suppliers, vendors and the authorized set of clients of that organization (Fariborzi and Zahedifard 2012). This is also a private network but the access is little widespread. Cookie Co. can utilize this network service for the outsourcing of their business. The clients can contact them through this network. Moreover, the vendors, suppliers and the business partners can easily contact the organization by utilizing this network service. The fourth network service is the Email service. The best and the fastest communication way is the email service. The message is delivered easily and with excellence. Moreover, it is the safest way of communication. Almost negligible time is required for communication (Jelassi et al. 2012). The email service is also cost effective and does not incur much cost. Cookie Co. can use this network service for their communication purpose, as it is cost effective and the fastest approach. The above-mentioned network services would be extremely beneficial and advantageous for the organization, Cookie Co. Data Processing Facilities Cookie Co. will be having various facilities of data processing. There are two types of data processing facilities. They include Data Storage solution and Data processing model. The description is as follows: Data Storage: Cloud is the best solution for any type of data transfer and data storage. The main benefit of cloud is its security. The data is extremely safe and secured when it is stored in cloud. Moreover, cloud is also cost effective in nature (Jadeja and Modi 2012). The second option is SAN or Storage Area Network. This also stores data in extremely safe and secured manner. Data Processing: Peer to Peer or P2P model would be the best suggestion for Cookie Co. for processing of data (Neill and Richard 2012). Simplicity is the major benefit for this particular peer to peer model. Complexities are almost zero in case of data processing. Moreover, this peer to peer model does not necessitate any peer to peer network for the server computer to be utilized. Conclusion and Recommendations Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, Cookie Co. is experiencing major turmoil in their current network infrastructure. They have taken a decision that they will be adopting an innovative infrastructure. They have calculated that if they will make changes in the existing infrastructure, it will cost even more. The brand new and the innovative infrastructure of network has unified communications and network convergence. The second topic that is being described in the report is the several types of LAN and the relevant plan for in the head office and branch offices. The third topic that is being discussed in this report is the connection of Wide Area Network and the suitable media for transmission and the devices for connection. Moreover, the most significant way for Domain Name System and the management of IP address is also clearly mentioned in this report. The final part of the report consists of the four recommended types of network services and the two typ es of data processing facilities. References Barnoski, M. ed., 2012.Fundamentals of optical fiber communications. Elsevier. Bocker, P., 2012.ISDN The Integrated Services Digital Network: Concept, Methods, Systems. Springer Science Business Media. Fariborzi, E. and Zahedifard, M., 2012. E-mail Marketing: Advantages, Disadvantages andImproving Techniques.International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning,2(3), p.232. 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